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1.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 41: e06872, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1340357

ABSTRACT

Brazil is the fourth largest exporter of pork worldwide, with its production concentrated in the Southern region of the country. To reduce the economic impacts and increase herd health, an efficient diagnosis of diseases is necessary. The frequency, seasonal, and annual distribution of diseases that affecting the swine nervous system in Southern Brazil were determined through a retrospective study conducted from 2008 to 2018. A total of 231 pigs were evaluated, and distributed in the following phases: suckling piglets, nursery, growing, finishing, and adults. Piglets in the nursery phase were the most affected with 58.01%. Infectious diseases accounted for 87.01% (201/231) of lesions in the nervous system. Bacterial meningitis was observed in 58.87% of cases, presenting an endemic distribution, and a propensity to occur in the months of autumn/winter. The highest number of cases of porcine circovirus-2 were observed in 2008 and 2009, with a subsequent decline. Porcine circovirus, salt poisoning, and brain abscesses exhibited no association between the seasonal occurrence and annual distribution. Salt poisoning was observed more frequently in the last years of this study. Both, non-suppurative encephalomyelitis and selenium toxicosis exhibited an association between their occurrence and seasonal distribution in, the months of winter, and summer, respectively.(AU)


Brasil é o quarto maior exportador de carne suína do mundo, com sua produção concentrada na região Sul do país. Para reduzir os impactos econômicos e aumentar a saúde do rebanho, é necessário o diagnóstico eficiente das doenças. A frequência, distribuição sazonal e anual das doenças que afetam o sistema nervoso de suínos no Sul do Brasil foram determinadas através de um estudo retrospectivo no período de 2008 a 2018. Foram avaliados 231 suínos, distribuídos nas seguintes fases: maternidade, creche, crescimento, terminação e adultos. Leitões da fase de creche foram os mais afetados com 58,01%. As doenças de origem infecciosa foram responsáveis por 87,01% (201/231) das causas de lesões no sistema nervoso. Meningite bacteriana foi observada em 58,87% dos casos, apresentando distribuição endêmica, e uma tendência a ocorrer nos meses de outono/inverno. O maior número de casos de circovírus suíno foram observados em 2008 e 2009, com declínio posterior. Circovírus suíno, intoxicação por sal e os abscessos encefálicos não apresentaram associação entre a ocorrência sazonal e distribuição anual. A intoxicação por sal foi observada com maior frequência nos últimos anos deste estudo. A encefalomielite não supurativa e a intoxicação por selênio exibiram associação entre a sua ocorrência e distribuição sazonal, nos meses de inverno e verão, respectivamente.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Swine , Central Nervous System Diseases/veterinary , Meningitis , Encephalomyelitis
2.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 40(4): 254-260, Apr. 2020. graf
Article in English | VETINDEX, LILACS | ID: biblio-1135617

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to determine the frequency and distribution of infectious diseases diagnosed through necropsy examination and histopathological analysis in growing/finishing pigs along 12 years (2005-2016) in Southern Brazil. We evaluated 1906 anatomopathological exams of pigs at growing/finishing phases, of which the infectious diseases corresponded to 75.6% of the cases (1,441/1,906). Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infections were the most frequent, accounting for 51.3% of the cases (739/1,441) with a higher frequency from 2005 to 2007, characterizing an epidemic distribution, with a gradual decline after 2008. Infectious diseases affecting the respiratory system were the second major cause with 30.1% of the cases. Among these, necrotizing bronchiolitis caused by swine Influenza (15.1%, 218/1,441) and bacterial pneumonia (15%, 216/1,441) were the main conditions. Influenza was mostly diagnosed from 2010 to 2013, accounting for 43.1% (167/387) of the cases. After this period, both respiratory infectious diseases were endemic. Digestive system infectious diseases accounted for 10.5% of the diagnoses (151/1,441), with the following main conditions: Salmonella spp. enterocolitis (43.7%, 66/151), Lawsonia spp. proliferative enteropathy (41.7%, 63/151), and Brachyspira spp. colitis (14.6%, 22/151). The latter had a higher incidence from 2012 to 2014 with all cases detected in this period. Polyserositis and bacterial meningitis represented, respectively, 5.8% (84/1,441) and 2.3% (33/1,441) of the cases diagnosed, with a constant endemic character.(AU)


O objetivo deste estudo consistiu em determinar a frequência e a distribuição das doenças infecciosas diagnosticadas através de exame de necropsia e análise histopatológica em suínos nas fases de crescimento/terminação ao longo de 12 anos (2005-2016) no sul do Brasil. Foram avaliados 1906 laudos anatomopatológicos de suínos nas fases de crescimento/terminação, dos quais as doenças infecciosas corresponderam a 75,6% (1441/1906) do total. As infecções por circovírus suíno tipo 2 (PCV2) foram as mais frequentes, contabilizando 51,3% (739/1441) dos casos, com uma alta frequência de 2005 a 2007 caracterizando uma distribuição epidêmica neste período, e um declínio gradual após o ano de 2008. A segunda principal causa incluiu as doenças infecciosas que afetam o sistema respiratório (30,1% dos casos). Dentre essas, destacaram-se a influenza suína (15,1%; 218/1441) e pneumonias bacterianas (15%; 216/1441). O diagnóstico de influenza apresentou uma frequência elevada de 2010 a 2013, totalizando 43,1% (167/387) dos casos. Após este período, ambas doenças infecciosas respiratórias exibiram caráter endêmico. As doenças infecciosas do sistema digestório totalizaram 10,5% (151/1441) dos diagnósticos, com as seguintes principais condições: enterocolite por Salmonella spp. (43,7%; 66/151), enteropatia proliferativa por Lawsonia spp. (41,7%; 63/151) e colite por Brachyspira spp. (14,6%; 22/151). A colite por Brachyspira spp. apresentou uma alta incidência de 2012 a 2014 com todos os casos detectados no período. As polisserosites e meningites bacterianas representaram 5,8% (84/1441) e 2,3% (33/1441) dos casos diagnosticados, respectivamente, com um caráter endêmico constante.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Swine Diseases/epidemiology , Communicable Diseases/pathology , Communicable Diseases/epidemiology , Circovirus , Circoviridae Infections/pathology , Circoviridae Infections/epidemiology , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/pathology , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/epidemiology , Influenzavirus A , Sus scrofa , Enterocolitis/epidemiology , Pneumonia of Swine, Mycoplasmal
3.
Journal of Veterinary Science ; : 27-33, 2018.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-758782

ABSTRACT

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) causes diarrhea in pigs, referred to as colibacillosis. The aim of this study was to optimize multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses of paraffin-embedded material to detect pathogenic E. coli strains causing colibacillosis in pigs. Multiplex PCR was optimized for fimbriae (F18, F4, F6, F5, and F41) and toxins (types A and B heat-stable toxins [STaP and STb], heat-labile toxin [LT], and type 2 Shiga toxin [ST(x2e)]), and IHC was optimized for an anti-E. coli polyclonal antibody. Samples (132) from pigs received between 2006 and 2014 with clinical and histopathological diagnoses of colibacillosis were analyzed. E. coli was detected by IHC in 78.7%, and at least one virulence factor gene was detected in 71.2%. Pathogenic strains of ETEC with at least one fimbria and one toxin were detected in 40% of the samples in multiplex PCR. The most frequent virulence types were F18-STaP (7.5%), F18-STaP-STb (5.7%), and F4-STaP (3.8%). A statistically significant association was noted between virulence factors F4, F18, STaP, and STb and positive immunostaining results. Colibacillosis diagnosis through multiplex PCR and IHC of paraffin-embedded tissues is a practical approach, as samples can be fixed and stored for long periods before analysis.


Subject(s)
Diagnosis , Diarrhea , Enteritis , Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli , Immunohistochemistry , Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction , Shiga Toxin , Swine , Swine Diseases , Virulence , Virulence Factors
4.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 33(10): 1208-1214, Oct. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-697160

ABSTRACT

Visando-se determinar as características e frequência das doenças na população suína na região de abrangência do Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV) da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo de todos os diagnósticos de necropsias realizadas nesta espécie no período de 1964 a 2011. Foram separados 564 casos com diagnósticos conclusivos. A criação suína na região de abrangência do estudo é predominantemente familiar e as doenças diagnosticadas, refletem esta realidade. As doenças infecciosas e parasitárias foram as mais prevalentes [380(68,1%)], seguidas, em ordem decrescente, das doenças metabólicas e nutricionais [64(11,5%)], intoxicações e toxi-infecções [33(5,9%)], e distúrbios do desenvolvimento [15(2,7%)]. Outras alterações de diversas etiologias, sobretudo de trauma, foram causa de morte em pouco mais de 11% dos protocolos examinados. Doenças bacterianas foram responsáveis por mais da metade das causas de morte ou razão para eutanásia dos suínos estudados, revelando a influência de fatores de manejo, ambientais e nutricionais regional de criação de suínos. A principal doença diagnosticada em suínos na região de abrangência do estudo foi a doença do edema e juntamente com outras formas de infecção por Escherichia coli é responsável por 23% das mortes. Doenças de etiologia viral e neoplasia não são importantes causas de morte em suínos na região estudada. Hepatose nutricional e aflatoxicose são importantes doenças da região e se devem, sobretudo, a fatores de manejo nutricional.


A retrospective study of all necropsy performed in pigs in the Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV) at Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) was carried out in order to determine the characteristics and frequency of diseases in the swine population raised in the region the region covered by the activities of LPV. Five hundred and four cases with conclusive diagnosis were found. The type of pig-raising in the area is mainly a familiar enterprise and the diseases found in this survey reflect this reality Infectious and parasitic diseases were the most prevalent [380(68.1%)], followed, in descending order of frequency, by nutritional and metabolic diseases [64(11.5%)], poisonings and toxi-infections and development disorders [15(2.7%)]. Other disorders due to varying etiologies, especially trauma, were cause of death in just over 11% of the cases. Bacterial diseases were responsible for more than half of the causes of death in pigs of the studied population, pointing to the influence of management, environmental and nutritional regional husbandry. The moist frequent disease diagnosed in pigs in the region in the region covered by the study was edema disease which along with other forms of infection by Escherichia coli was responsible for 23% of deaths. Viral diseases and neoplasm were not major causes of death in pigs in the region studied. Nutritional hepatosis and aflatoxicosis are important diseases in pigs in this region and and there causation are mainly linked to nutritional management.


Subject(s)
Animals , Autopsy/veterinary , Swine Diseases/epidemiology , Health Surveys/statistics & numerical data , Swine/growth & development , Retrospective Studies
5.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 33(7): 890-900, jul. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-683231

ABSTRACT

Salt poisoning occurs commonly in pigs by excessive intake of sodium chloride or by a period water deprivation for followed by free access to water. The objective of this work is to aggregate data from cases of salt poisoning, combining existing data in the literature and describe the main clinical and pathological features observed. We reviewed five outbreaks, one of which was carefully monitored. In three of them the intake of sodium chloride had been determined. Clinical signs were basically seizures with the lateral decubitus with paddling movements. Circling was observed in some cases. Sodium determination in muscle of and liver fragments, serum, cerebrospinal fluid and aqueous humor showed increased concentrations of this ion. There was eosinopenia characterizing increased recruitment eosinophils from the circulation into the brain. In all outbreaks eosinophil infiltration was observed in the meninges and the Virchow-Robin space of the cerebral cortex. Cortical laminar necrosis was more pronounced in the brain of pigs from one of the outbreaks in which animals were sick for six days. The combination of these two lesions characterizes the disease. The changes observed result from high concentrations of sodium in the brain causing cause edema that leads to increased intracranial pressure and decreased perfusion to the brain tissue causing diffuse ischemia and neuronal necrosis, with consequent malacia.


Intoxicação por sal ocorre comumente em suínos por ingestão excessiva de cloreto de sódio ou por privação de água por um período de tempo, seguido de um livre acesso a água abundante. O objetivo deste trabalho é agregar dados de casos de intoxicação por sal, diagnosticados, compilar dados já existentes na literatura e caracterizar as principais alterações clínicas e patológicas observadas. Foram revisados cinco surtos, sendo que um deles foi minuciosamente acompanhado. Em três deles a ingestão de cloreto de sódio foi determinada. Os sinais clínicos eram basicamente convulsões, com intensos tremores musculares e desenvolvimento de opistótono. Os animais permaneciam em decúbito lateral, fazendo movimentos de pedalagem. Alguns andavam em círculos. Dosagens de sódio em fragmentos de músculo e de fígado, no soro, líquor e humor aquoso revelaram concentrações aumentadas do íon. A quantidade de eosinófilos circulantes foi baixa caracterizando grande recrutamento dessas células para o encéfalo. Em todos os surtos foi observada infiltração de eosinófilos nas leptomeninges e no espaço de Virchow-Robin do córtex cerebral. Necrose cortical laminar foi observada mais detalhadamente em um dos surtos onde os suínos estavam doentes há seis dias. A combinação dessas duas lesões caracteriza a doença. Todas as alterações observadas podem ser explicadas pela provável patogenia da doença em que as elevadas concentrações de sódio causam edema cerebral que leva ao aumento da pressão intracraniana e decréscimo da perfusão para o cérebro causando isquemia difusa e necrose neuronal, com consequente malacia.


Subject(s)
Animals , Sodium Chloride/analysis , Sodium Chloride/poisoning , Sodium Chloride/toxicity , Poisoning/diagnosis , Poisoning/mortality , Poisoning/veterinary , Meningoencephalitis/veterinary , Swine/anatomy & histology
6.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 31(4): 313-318, abr. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-584045

ABSTRACT

Relata-se necrose hepatocelular em suínos após consumo de ração que continha grãos de sorgo-granífero (Sorghum bicolor) acidentalmente contaminado com sementes de Crotalaria spectabilis. Morreram 76 suínos em quatro propriedades no município de Juscimeira, MT. Os sinais clínicos iniciaram-se 24-48 horas após o consumo da ração contaminada e foram caracterizados por depressão, letargia, apatia, inapetência, vômito, mucosas ictéricas ou pálidas, ascite, decúbito esternal, decúbito lateral com movimentos de pedalagem e convulsões, a evolução clínica foi de 48-60 horas seguida de morte. As Principais alterações macroscópicas foram fígado aumentado de tamanho com evidenciação do padrão lobular, ascite e hidrotórax com líquido de coloração amarelo avermelhado contendo filamentos com aspecto de fibrina, linfonodos aumentados e edema pulmonar interlobular. A doença foi reproduzida utilizando-se 16 suínos divididos em seis grupos que receberam sementes de C. spectabilis em diferentes doses. Necrose hepatocelular ocorreu em sete suínos, sendo dois que receberam doses diárias 2,5g/kg e cinco que receberam doses únicas de 5,0 e 9,5g/kg. Dez doses diárias de 0,5 e 1,25g/kg causaram fibrose hepática.


Hepatocellular necrosis are reported in swine after consumption of diets containing grains of "sorgo-granífero" (Sorghum bicolor) accidentally contaminated with Crotalaria spectabilis seeds in the municipality of Juscimeira, MT. Clinical signs began 24-48 hours after consumption of contaminated ration and were characterized by depression, lethargy, apathy, loss of appetite, vomiting, pale or jaundiced mucous membranes, ascites, lateral recumbency, the lateral position with paddling and convulsions, clinical outcome was 48-60 hours followed by death. 76 pigs died in four properties. The main gross lesions were liver increased in size and lobular illustration with red-brown central areas interspersed with yellowish areas, ascites and hydrothorax with reddish-yellow liquid containing filaments with aspect of fibrin, enlarged lymph nodes and interlobular pulmonary edema. The disease was experimentally reproduced with 16 pigs divided into six groups that received seeds of C. spectabilis in different doses. Hepatocellular necrosis occurred in seven pigs, two of which received daily doses of 2.5g/kg and five who received single doses of 5 and 9.5g/ kg. Ten daily doses of 0.5 and 1.25g/kg caused liver fibrosis.


Subject(s)
Animals , Crotalaria/toxicity , Massive Hepatic Necrosis/veterinary , Plants, Toxic/poisoning
7.
Korean Journal of Medicine ; : S917-S922, 2004.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-8797

ABSTRACT

Trichinellosis is one of the most widespread helminthic zoonoses. Unlike other parasitic infestation, it has been reported in advanced countries where there is a great amount of meat consumption such as Europe and America. In Korea, trichinellosis has been suspected to be prevalent for a long time, but it had not been reported up to 1997. However, three reports of human trichinellosis were published recently. An outbreak of trichinellosis caused by ingestion of raw wild boar occurred in Inje-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea, in Mar 2003. 13 people ate raw wild boar meat together, and then they had high fever, myalgia, facial edema, etc. Hematologic and biochemical examinations revealed leukocytosis, eosinophilia, and elevated AST, ALT, LDH, CPK. Muscle biopsy in rectus femoralis was performed in one index case, we detected two parasites in muscle fibers. And we measured specific antibody titers against Trichinella spiralis ES Ag in 12 patients. More than 3~4 fold higher antibody titer was noted in 11 patients compared with normal controls. We treated these cases with albendazole and steroid for 5 days.


Subject(s)
Humans , Albendazole , Americas , Biopsy , Disease Outbreaks , Eating , Edema , Eosinophilia , Europe , Fever , Helminths , Korea , Leukocytosis , Meat , Myalgia , Parasites , Sus scrofa , Swine Diseases , Trichinella spiralis , Trichinellosis , Zoonoses
8.
Ciênc. rural ; 27(2): 307-312, abr.-jun. 1997. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-483547

ABSTRACT

Para estudar os efeitos da ingestão de sementes de Crotalaria spectabilis em suínos, 14 porcos foram divididos em 5 grupos; quatro (A-D) eram formados por 3 porcos e um (Grupo E) por dois porcos. Com exceção do grupo A, que serviu como controle, os porcos foram alimentados com ração contendo 0,3 e 0,5 por cento (Grupos B e C) e 1 por cento (Grupos D e E) de sementes moídas de C. spectabilis por 32 (Grupo D), 44 (Grupo E) e 120 (Grupo B e C) dias. Um suíno do Grupo D e 2 suínos do Grupo B, morreram 8, 70 e 137 dias após o início do experimento; os restantes 11 suínos foram sacrificados em períodos que variaram entre 52 e 159 dias após o início do experimento. Dez dos 11 suínos tratados apresentaram perda do apetite e subdesenvolvimento. Outros sinais clínicos observados foram depressão, perda localizada de pêlos e distúrbios respiratórios. As principais lesões ocorreram no fígado. Em um caso eram agudas e consistiam principalmente de padrão lobular acentuado resultante de necrose centrolobulara massiva. Os outros 11 suínos apresentavam lesões hepáticas crônicas; o fígado estava firme, com cápsula espessada e aderências fibrosas entre os lobos e a estruturas adjacentes. Microscopicamente havia fibrose capsular, interlobar, interlobular e intralobular; hepatomegalocitose e proliferação de ductos biliares. Bilestase foi observadada no fígado de dois suínos; num outro havia regeneração hepatocelular nodular. Os pulmões de 4 suínos estavam avermelhados e firmes. Histologicamente havia espessamento dos septos interalveolares e interlobulares por edema, fibrose e infiltração celular, e proliferação de pneumócitos tipo II. Alterações renais foram observadas apenas microscopicamente e incluíam, principalmente, hepatomegalocitose das células epiteliais tubulares. Em 6 porcos observaram-se edemas cavitários (ascite, hidrotórax e hidropericárdio) de intensidade discreta a moderada. Alterações vasculares microscópicas consistindo de espessamento e...


To study the effects of the ingestion of Crotalaria spectabilis seeds, fourteen pigs were alloted in 5 groups. Four groups (A-D) consisted each of three pigs and the other (Group E) of two pigs. With the exception of those from Group A, which served as control, pigs were fed a ration containing 0.3 and 0.5 percent (groups B and C) and 1 percent (Groups D and E) of ground seeds of C. spectabilis for 32 (group D), 44 (group E), and 120 (groups B and C) days. One pig from Group D and two pigs from Group B died at 8, 70, and 137 days after the beginning of the experiment; the remaining 11 pigs were euthanatized at periods varying from 52 to 159 days from the beginning of the experiment. Ten of the 11 treated pigs had loss of apetite and poor growth rate. Depression, localized loss of hair, and respiratory distress were other observed clinical signs. Main pathological changes occurred in the liver. They were acute in one case and consisted of accentuation of the lobular pattern; due to centrilobular to massive hepatic necrosis. The remaining 11 treated pigs had chronic hepatic lesions, which included firmness, thickening of the capsule and fibrous adhesions between lobes and between hepatic capsule and adjacent structures. Histologically there was capsular, interlobar, interlobular, and intralobular fibrosis, hepatomegalocytosis and proliferation of bile ducts. In two case there was bilestasis and, in one pig, nodular regeneration was observed. The lungs of 4 pigs were reddened and firm. Histologically there was thickenning of interalveolar and interlobular septa by edema, fibrosis, cell infiltration and type II pneumocytes proliferation. The kidneys were grossly unremarkable. Histologically there was megalocytosis of the tubular epithelium and of the cells of the glomerular tuft. Hialinization of the glomerular tuft was also observed. Mild to moderate cavitary edema (ascites, hydrothorax and hydropericardium) was observed in 6 pigs. Microscopic...

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